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Alpha Centauri a double star in the constellation Centaurus, the closest star to the solar system, having a combined magnitude of -0.3.
Aurora (l.c.) bands or streamers of light that appear in the sky at night in areas around the magnetic poles, caused by solar particles striking atoms in the outer part of the earth's atmosphere. (See aurora australis, aurora borealis.) [1/3 definitions]
chondrite a stony meteorite that contains chondrules, formed from materials present in the early solar system .
cosmic ray high energy radiation, consisting primarily of high-energy protons and alpha particles, that primarily originates from outside the solar system. Upon collision with earth's atmosphere, secondary particles can be produced that sometimes reach the earth's surface.
earth (often cap.) the fifth largest planet in the solar system, which is third in order from the sun and has a diameter of about 7,930 miles. [1/4 definitions]
Enceladus one of several moons of the planet Saturn, having more reflective brightness than any other body in the solar system.
geocentric designating the earth as the center, as of the universe or solar system. [1/2 definitions]
greenhouse effect the warming trend on the surface and in the lower atmosphere of a planet, held by scientists to occur when solar radiation is trapped, as by emissions from the planet.
Greenwich time the solar time that is determined at the prime meridian through Greenwich, England, and that is used to calculate and regulate time throughout most of the world; Greenwich mean time.
insolation solar radiation received, or the rate of solar radiation per unit of surface or area. [1/3 definitions]
intercalary of a day or month, inserted into the calendar to bring the calendar year into correspondence with the solar year. [1/2 definitions]
Jupiter the largest planet in the solar system and fifth from the sun, having sixteen satellites and a diameter of about 88,700 miles. [1/2 definitions]
langley a unit of illumination used for measuring solar radiation, equal to one small calorie per square centimeter.
magnetic storm a temporary widespread disturbance of the earth's magnetic field, caused by unusual solar activity.
Mars the seventh largest planet in the solar system and fourth from the sun, having two satellites, a diameter of about 4,200 miles, and a ruddy surface that is apparent to the naked eye; the Red Planet. [1/2 definitions]
mercury (cap.) the eighth largest planet of the solar system and the nearest to the sun, having no satellites and a diameter of about 3,000 miles. [1/5 definitions]
Milky Way the galaxy that contains the earth, the sun, and the solar system, and that is visible in the night sky as a long ribbon of cloudlike clusters of stars from one horizon to the other.
nebular hypothesis a theory stating that the solar system was once a nebula that cooled and condensed to form the sun and planets.
Neptune the fourth largest planet in the solar system and eighth from the sun, having thirteen satellites and a diameter of about 31,350 miles. [1/2 definitions]
nonsolar combined form of solar.
orrery a model of bodies in the solar system that can show their relative positions and motions by means of simple mechanical adjustments.