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Ph.D. a degree that is earned following college after several years of additional study and the completion of a major research project. "Ph.D." is an abbreviation of Latin words which mean "Doctor of Philosophy."
philosopher one who develops and proposes a particular philosophy. [1/3 definitions]
philosophical of, based on, or pertaining to philosophy or philosophers. [1/2 definitions]
Platonic of, pertaining to, or resembling Plato or his philosophy. [1/2 definitions]
Platonism the philosophy of Plato or his followers, esp. the doctrines of idealism.
pluralism in philosophy, the theory that reality comprises more than one basic substance or principle. (Cf. dualism, monism.) [1/4 definitions]
populism a political philosophy that champions the interests and concerns of the common people rather than the privileged, the politically powerful, or the intelligentsia.
positivism the philosophy that observable facts from the sciences, rather than metaphysical speculation, are the only allowable basis of knowledge and thought.
pragmatism in philosophy, the theory that the meaning or truth of something is derived from its effects or consequences. [1/2 definitions]
rationalism in philosophy, the doctrine that all knowledge comes from logical reasoning. [1/3 definitions]
Sankhya a system of philosophy, practiced by Hindus, that is based on the dualism of spirit and matter.
scholastic of or pertaining to the philosophy and teachings of the Middle Ages that are based on Christian and early Greek writings. [2/4 definitions]
secularism secular opinion or belief, esp. a system following a political or social philosophy that rejects religious faith. [1/2 definitions]
semiotics (used with a sing. verb) in philosophy, a theory of signs and symbols, esp. as they are used in language.
skeptic one who doubts the possibility of really knowing anything, esp. a member of the ancient Greek school that adopted this view as a philosophy. [1/3 definitions]
solipsism in philosophy, the theory that the self is the only verifiable reality. [1/2 definitions]
sophist (often cap.) any of a group of ancient Greek teachers of rhetoric and philosophy, known for their clever, though often specious, arguments. [1/2 definitions]
stoic (cap.) of or pertaining to the philosophy of the Stoics. [2/4 definitions]
syncretism an attempted combination or reconciliation of opposing principles, beliefs, or practices, esp. in religion or philosophy. [1/2 definitions]
Taoism a Chinese philosophy and religious system, based on the teachings of Lao Tzu, that advocates a life of simplicity, acceptance of the course of nature, and the like.
Taoist of or pertaining to a Chinese philosophy and religious system, based on the teachings of Lao Tzu, that advocates a life of simplicity, acceptance of the course of nature, and the like. [2 definitions]