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| Fred Toyosaburo Korematsu |
an American of Japanese descent who, during World War II, was one of only a few Japanese-Americans to openly defy the relocation orders of the U.S. Government. Korematsu was arrested and sent to an internment center in 1942, and his challenge to the constitutionality of forced relocation was ruled against by the Supreme Court in 1944 in Korematsu v. United States (b.1919--d.2005). |
| Gordon Hirabayashi |
an American of Japanese descent who, during World War II, was one of only a few Japanese-Americans to openly defy the relocation orders of the U.S. Government. He challenged the constitutionality of the application of curfews for minority groups, and his case eventually went to the Supreme Court, where he was unanimously ruled against in Hirabayashi v. United States in 1943 (b.1918--2012). |
| judicial review |
the power of a court to review the constitutionality of laws and governmental actions, or the practice of doing so. |
| Minoru Yasui |
an American of Japanese descent who, during World War II, was one of few Japanese-Americans to openly violate curfew restrictions and defy the relocation orders of the U.S. Government. He challenged the constitutionality of the application of curfews to people based on their ethnicity, and his case eventually went to the Supreme Court, where he was unanimously ruled against in Yasui v. United States in 1943, in a companion case to Hirabayashi v. United States (b.1915--d.1986). |
| test case |
a legal action that tries the constitutionality of a statute or that is likely to set a precedent. |
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