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colchicine |
a poisonous alkaloid used to cause chromosome doubling in experiments and as medicine for gout. |
diploid |
in biology, having two of each non-sex-determining chromosome in each cell. [3 definitions] |
gene |
a section of a chromosome that determines the structure of a single protein or part of one, thereby influencing a particular hereditary characteristic, such as eye color, or a particular biochemical reaction. |
Klinefelter's syndrome |
a congenital disorder that causes sterility in males, caused by an extra X chromosome. |
locus |
the position of a gene on a chromosome. [1/3 definitions] |
mongolism |
(outdated; no longer in scientific use; sometimes cap.) the abnormal condition of a person born with an additional chromosome, characterized by a flattened skull, slanted eyes, often decreased mental facility, and partial deafness; Down's syndrome. |
mutate |
to display or cause to display a physical trait or characteristic that is different from one's parent or parents as a result of a change within a gene or chromosome. |
plasmid |
a DNA-containing, self-reproducing element in the cytoplasm of some bacteria which exists outside the chromosome, used in recombinant DNA technology because it can alter a hereditary characteristic when introduced into another bacterium. |
sex-linked |
of a gene or genetic trait, carried on the chromosome that determines gender. |
translocation |
in genetics, the movement of a segment of chromosome to a new position on the same chromosome or a different chromosome, or the modified chromosome that results from this movement. [1/3 definitions] |
trisomic |
having an extra chromosome in the cell in addition to the usual diploid number. |
trivalent |
triple, esp. a chromosome that is formed by three homologous chromosomes. [1/2 definitions] |
univalent |
in genetics, a chromosome that remains unpaired in synapsis. [1/2 definitions] |
X chromosome |
the sex chromosome that occurs paired in females and singly in males, and is responsible for female sex characteristics. (Cf. Y chromosome.) |
Y chromosome |
a sex chromosome that occurs only in males, paired with an X chromosome, and is responsible for male sex characteristics. (Cf. X chromosome.) |
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