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| alanine |
a nonessential amino acid that is found in proteins. |
| arginine |
an amino acid found in most proteins that is essential in the human diet. |
| asparagine |
a nonessential amino acid found in proteins that is derived from aspartate. |
| aspartame |
an artificial sweetener about two hundred times sweeter than sucrose, synthesized from amino acids and used as a low-calorie sugar substitute in manufactured soft drinks, cereals, cookies, and the like. |
| aspartate |
the ionic form of aspartic acid, which is a nonessential amino acid found in proteins. |
| aspartic acid |
a nonessential amino acid found in proteins. |
| codon |
in biology, a triplet of nucleotides in the messenger RNA, which specifies amino acids in the synthesis of protein molecules. |
| cysteine |
a sulfur-containing, semi-essential amino acid occurring in proteins. One cysteine within a protein can react with another to form a disulfide bond. |
| dopa |
an amino acid that is converted to dopamine by an enzyme in the bloodstream, an isomer of which, L-dopa, is used to treat Parkinson's disease. |
| erepsin |
an enzyme mixture in the small intestines that contributes to the breakdown of proteins into amino acids. |
| folacin |
a compound found in leafy green vegetables, essential in human nutrition for the production of blood cells, amino acids, and nucleic acids, and considered to be part of the vitamin B complex. |
| folate |
a water-soluble B vitamin, found in leafy green vegetables, nuts, and legumes, that is essential for the production of blood cells, amino acids, and nucleic acids; also known as folacin, folic acid, and vitamin B9. |
| genetic code |
the rules governing the order in which amino acids are added to a nascent protein as it is being synthesized according to the order of nucleotides in DNA and RNA molecules. |
| glutamic acid |
a nonessential amino acid found in proteins that is used as a salt flavoring on meats and other foods. |
| glutamine |
a nonessential amino acid that is a component of proteins. |
| glycine |
a simple, nonessential amino acid found in proteins. |
| histidine |
an aromatic amino acid, essential in humans and other animals, that is found in proteins. |
| homocysteine |
An amino acid that is an intermediate in the metabolism of methionine. In humans, elevated levels of homocysteine in blood are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and stroke. |
| isoleucine |
an amino acid, essential in the diet of humans and other animals, that is found in proteins. |
| leucine |
an amino acid, essential in the diet of humans and other animals, that is found in proteins. |
| lysine |
an amino acid, essential in the diet of humans and other animals, that is found in proteins. |
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