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Comprehensive
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catachresis a forced figure of speech such as a bad metaphor. [1/2 definitions]
metaphor a figure of speech in which a word or phrase is used to describe one thing in terms of another in a nonliteral way, such as "drowning in work".
metonymy a figure of speech in which the name of one thing is used in place of something else with which it is associated, such as "the grape" for wine, "laurels" for fame, or "the law" for a police officer.
oxymoron a figure of speech in which an apparent contradiction makes or highlights a point, as in the phrase "a frozen flame".
Scotticism a characteristically Scottish pronunciation, figure of speech, or the like.
simile a figure of speech in which two dissimilar things are likened, often linked by "like" or "as," as in, "March comes in like a lion and goes out like a lamb". (Cf. metaphor.)
synecdoche a figure of speech in which one term is used representatively for another by substituting a part for the whole or the specific for the general, or the reverse of these, such as "wheels" for "car" or "the police" for "a policeman".
trope any literary or rhetorical device, such as a metaphor, that uses words in a sense different from their literal meanings; figure of speech.