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| atomic pile |
see "nuclear reactor." |
| boron carbide |
a very hard black crystalline compound used in nuclear reactor control rods, as reinforcement in structural materials, and as an abrasive. |
| breeder reactor |
a nuclear reactor that is designed to produce more fissionable material than it consumes, and thus generate additional fuel for its own operation. |
| containment structure |
the building in which a commercial nuclear reactor is housed. |
| control rod |
a rod or bar in a nuclear reactor that contains a neutron-absorbing material, and that is lowered into or raised from the core to control the fission chain reaction. |
| converter reactor |
a nuclear reactor that produces less, or a different kind of, fissionable material than it consumes. (Cf. breeder reactor.) |
| hafnium |
a chemical element that has seventy-two protons in each nucleus and that occurs as a tetravalent metal often found in combination with zirconium, used in pure form for applications such as nuclear reactor control rods because it absorbs neutrons well. (symbol: Hf) |
| meltdown |
an accident in a nuclear reactor in which the radioactive core melts because of insufficient cooling, leading to the escape of radiation. |
| moderator |
a substance, such as graphite or heavy water, used in nuclear reactors to slow down neutrons, thus increasing the probability of fission. [1/2 definitions] |
| pile1 |
the part of a nuclear reactor in which fission takes place. [1/7 definitions] |
| plutonium |
a radioactive chemical element of the actinide series that has ninety-four protons in each nucleus and that is capable of explosive nuclear fission in a chain reaction, used as fuel in some types of nuclear reactors. (symbol: Pu) |
| pyrophoric |
of certain metals, capable of igniting spontaneously in air or within a nuclear reactor. |
| reactor |
in physics, an apparatus for starting and controlling a nuclear chain reaction; nuclear reactor. [1/2 definitions] |
| subcritical |
of a nuclear reactor or device, unable to sustain a fission chain reaction. [1/2 definitions] |
| yellowcake |
a powdery uranium concentrate used esp. in nuclear reactors that is obtained from the milling of uranium. |
| zirconium |
a chemical element that has forty protons in each nucleus and that is found principally in zircon, a crystalline silicate compound, but that can be isolated as a solid metal that is used extensively in nuclear reactors because it allows neutrons to pass through without significant resistance. (symbol: Zr) |
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