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aldehyde in chemistry, any of a group of organic compounds, such as formaldehyde, the molecule of which contains a terminal carbon atom bound separately to a hydrogen and an oxygen atom.
amyl the small organic molecule derived from pentane; pentyl. [2 definitions]
atomicity the number of atoms in a molecule. [1/2 definitions]
benzene ring the graphic representation of the benzene molecule or its derivatives as a hexagon with a carbon atom at each of its six points, and with attached atoms of hydrogen or other elements.
beta-carotene a molecule of the carotene family that has a red-orange color and is abundant in plants.
configuration in chemistry, the relative position or arrangement of atoms within a molecule. [1/6 definitions]
dehydrogenase an enzyme that catalyzes the removal of hydrogen atoms from a molecule.
diatomic of a molecule, composed of two atoms. [1/2 definitions]
dichromate a chemical compound that contains two chromium atoms per molecule, characterized by an orange-red color; bichromate.
dichromic2 containing two chromium atoms per molecule.
dipole a polar molecule in which the centers of the positive charges are different from the centers of the negative charges. [1/3 definitions]
disulfate a salt of pyrosulfuric acid, containing two sulfate groups in each molecule; pyrosulfate.
excite in physics, to raise (an atom, particle, or molecule) to a state of higher energy. [1/5 definitions]
free radical an atom or molecule with one or more unpaired electrons.
ion an atom, group of atoms, or molecule that bears a positive electric charge as a result of electron loss or a negative charge as a result of electron gain. [1/2 definitions]
ligand in biochemistry, a molecule that binds to a target biomolecule, usually a protein. [2 definitions]
macromolecule a very large molecule, such as a polymer or protein molecule, composed of hundreds or thousands of atoms.
messenger RNA a single-stranded molecule of ribonucleic acid that carries a code from the DNA, where it is synthesized, to the cytoplasm, where it specifies the sequence of amino acids required for protein synthesis.
methyl alcohol a colorless, volatile, poisonous liquid, consisting of one carbon atom per molecule with hydrogen and oxygen, that is used as a fuel, solvent, and antifreeze; methanol.
molecular weight the sum of all the atomic weights of the atoms in a molecule.
monatomic containing one atom in the molecule. [1/3 definitions]