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Archean of, relating to, or designating the earlier of two geological periods of the Precambrian Era, ending approximately 2.5 billion years ago, during which highly crystalline igneous and metamorphic rocks were formed; Early Precambrian; Archeozoic; azoic. [1/2 definitions]
basalt a dense, fine-grained, dark-colored igneous rock created by lava flow that is rich in minerals containing magnesium and iron. The most common igneous rock on the Earth's surface due to its high abundance on the ocean floor.
biotite a mica commonly found in igneous and metamorphic rock, ranging in color from dark green or brown to black, and containing iron, magnesium, potassium, and aluminum.
granite a coarse-grained igneous rock usu. composed of silica-rich minerals such as quartz, feldspar, and small amounts of mica or amphibole, commonly used for building, sculpture, and the like. [1/2 definitions]
hornblende a variety of amphibole that is greenish to black in color, common in metamorphic rocks and dark igneous rocks that are rich in iron and magnesium.
kimberlite a type of igneous rock that sometimes contains diamonds, named after the town of Kimberley, South Africa.
laccolith a mass of igneous rock that has been forced between layers of sedimentary rock and has bulged them upward.
olivine a common mineral silicate of magnesium and iron, found in gray-green crystalline masses in igneous and metamorphic rock, and used esp. as a structural material in bricks for lining furnaces.
orthoclase a monoclinic feldspar that is a common constituent in igneous rock such as granite.
plagioclase any of several minerals of the feldspar family that are essential constituents of most igneous rocks.
pyroclastic relating to or consisting of fragments of rock that were formed by volcanic or igneous activity.
schlieren streaks or masses of igneous rock that differ in texture or composition from the surrounding matrix and blend gradually into it. [1/2 definitions]
trap3 any of various dark, fine-grained igneous rocks, such as basalt, often used in road construction.
whin any of several hard igneous rocks; whinstone.